TEACHING PLAN FOR STUDENTS

TEACHING PLAN & LEARNING ARRANGEMENT

The important thing in life is to have a great aim， and the determination to attain it.

生命中很重要的一点是找到一个宏远目标，并下定决心实现它。

开篇语： 最实在、最有效的英语学习法 诵读+默写

语言是一种习惯，更是一种技能！对于技能型的东西是不能像知识型的东西一样来学习的，知识型的东西需要用―脑子‖才能学好的，比如数理化，你必须动脑筋去―攻读‖，只有深刻地理解和掌握一些基本的原理和法则才能搞清楚里面的问题，否则肯定是学的稀里糊涂；但是对于技能型的东西，更多的时候需要的不是你动脑筋去―攻读‖，而是需要你化体力去―熟练‖，只有通过不断的实际操作才能提高自己的水平，就拿开车来说，一个好的驾驶者必定是一个有着上万公里甚至几十万公里驾驶经历和经验的实践者，而绝不可能是一个仅仅牢记各种驾驶要领而没有开过几天车的理论家。

大家都明白，一个人要想学习和掌握一门语言，最好的方法是到以这门语言为母语的国家去，要学英语就去英国或美国，要学意大利语就去意大利。为什么说这种方法是最有效的呢？比方说你到了英国，在那里你时时刻刻接触的全是英语的东西，一个词或一个句子，你第一次接触时可能没有听明白，第二次接触时可能留不下多少印象，可是如果这个词或这个句子英国人的使用频率很高，你一天能够听到或看到十几次，而且天天如此，我想只要是一个智力正常者都会自然能够掌握这个词或这个句子。

当然，并不是每个人都有这样的语言学习条件，但有一个问题很重要，绝不能把英语当作一门科学来学，绝不能像解答数学问题一样解答英语问题，那样你就步入了那95%的行列。英语是不需要―攻读‖的，需要的是―熟练‖，要把学英语当作一个体力活，要尽可能多地去接触英语材料，不管是听的、读的、写的和说的，接触的多了，实践的多了，英语水平自

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然也会不断提高。把学英语当作脑力活，是大多数人的误区所在！只有方法对头了，才能高效地学习，可遗憾的是在我们的各级学校里，很少有老师能够把对有效的学习方法的探讨作为一个重要内容，所以，不少时候是－－－老师用错误的方法教，学生用错误的方法学！因此，在中国要想学好英语必须

1．每天至少大声诵读一篇外国人写的英语文章。 2．每天至少看五页外国人写的英语文章。 3．绝对不要孤立地―背单词‖！

朗读与背诵是培养英语语感的有效途径，是将英语文字信息转化英语思维的最直接的方法，更是迎合新课改提倡的语用能力有效体现。

我国唐代大诗人杜甫―读书破万卷，下笔如有神‖的诗句以及―书读百遍，其义自见‖、―眼过千遍，不如手过一遍‖，无不阐明了―熟能生巧‖这个道理。在英语学习过程中，同学们若能把重要句子、精彩篇幅储存于脑海之中，形成英语语感，在实际英语交流中就会脱口而出流利、顺畅、纯正的英语，还能写出一些语句通顺、文字优美的文章，从而增强了他们学习英语的信心和实际英语交际能力。

那么，怎样才能把背诵、默写贯穿于英语学习过程中呢？首先，把一篇短文理解后，按照―短语、句子——段落——整篇‖三遍进行抄写，实际上就是默写。

第一遍：找出短文中重点短语、句子，难理解、难背诵的长句，指导同学们朗读。朗读时要注意以下三方面：

1、单词的读音、连读、不完全爆破、辅音连缀、重读等。如：en`courage、s`tory、s`pent、Have a goo(d) luck等。 2、句子的升、降调，停顿。

3、默写时注意单词的拼写、句子的标点符号、单词的大小写等。 这样读到滚瓜烂熟时，把书合上，再进行默写。

第二遍：把短文分成段，逐段理解、背诵。具体做法如下：

1、把每段句子先分成主谓宾、主谓、主系表、主谓宾宾语补足语、定状补等简单几种结构；还有复合句中的定语从句的后置现象，宾语从句的语序、时态问题，还有状语从句的几种类型等。弄明白是哪种类型的句子，再理解整段意思。 例如： Senior English Module 8 Unit 22 Lesson 1中有这样一句：

Global warming// refers to// an average increase// in the Earth’s temperature //that, in turn, leads to climate change. 主语 谓语 宾语 定语 定语从句 2、专心盯住此段几秒钟，迅速默写或背诵。 3、把书合上，默写此段。

第三遍：逐段背诵、默写后，整篇背诵，化零为整，然后迅速默写，写完后，对照课文查漏补缺。

另外，遵照人的大脑遗忘规律，合理安排复读、默写，强化记忆效果。比如早晨背诵默写了的课文，晚上睡前以及第二天起床后再进行一次检查，然后一周检查一次，再一个月复

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查一次。如此持之以恒、循序渐进、扎扎实实，学习者的英语口语与思维、阅读与写作能力就会同步提高。

―授之以鱼，不如授之以渔‖，学习英语的方法很多，但―背诵+默写‖训练是最实在、最行之有效的方法，只要坚持，你会发现你的英语水平的确有了很大的提高

Lecture One

Ladders for Reading and Reciting

English Phonetics

英语国际标准音标练习 前 元 音(4个) [i:] 单元音12个 [i] [e] [ɔ] [æ] [u:] [u] [ʃ] [tʃ] [tr] [ts] [h] [l] 后 元 音(5个) [ɑ:] [ɔ:] 中 元 音(3个) [ʌ] 合口双元音(5个) 集中双元音(3个) [ə:] 元音 (20个) [ə] 双元音8个 [ei] [əu] [ai] [au] [ɔi] [iə] [uə] [ɛə] [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [ŋ] [f] [v] [j] [s] [θ] [z] [ð] 清 辅 音(11个) 辅音 (28个) [ʒ] [dʒ] [dr] [dz] 浊 辅 音(17个) [m] [n] [w] [r] 我们大家都知道字母里本身就包含24个音标Aa〔ei〕、Bb〔bi:〕、Cc〔si:〕、Dd〔di:〕、Ee〔i:〕、Ff〔ef〕、Gg〔dʒi:〕、Hh〔eiʧ〕、Ii〔ai〕、Jj〔dʒei〕、Kk〔kei〕、Ll〔el〕、Mm〔em〕、Nn〔en〕、Oo〔əu〕、Pp〔pi:〕、Qq〔kju:〕、Rr〔α:〕、Ss〔es〕、Tt〔ti:〕、Uu〔ju:〕、Vv〔vi:〕、Ww〔`dʌblju:〕、Xx〔eks〕、Yy〔wai〕、Zz〔zed〕，即〔i:〕、〔e〕、〔α:〕、〔u:〕、〔ʌ〕、〔ei〕、〔ai〕、〔əu〕、〔p〕、〔b〕、〔t〕、〔d〕、〔k〕、〔f〕、〔v〕、〔s〕、〔z〕、〔m〕、〔n〕、〔l〕、〔ʧ〕、〔dʒ〕、〔w〕、〔j〕。剩下的24个音标〔i〕、〔æ〕、〔ɔ〕、〔ɔ:〕、〔u〕、〔ə〕、〔ə:〕、〔ɔi〕、〔au〕、〔iə〕、〔ɛə〕、〔uə〕、〔g〕、〔ʃ〕、〔ʒ〕、〔r〕、〔h〕、〔η〕、〔θ〕、〔ð〕、〔ts〕、〔ʣ〕、〔tr〕、〔dr〕

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/i:/ bee/bi:/ feet/fi:t/ keep/ki:p/ key/ki:/ team/ti:m/ meet/mi:t/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ city/siti/ give/giv/ sick/sik/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/ text/tekst/ help/help/

/æ/ fat/fæt/ have/hæv/ cat/kæt/ back/bæk/ hat/hæt/

/a:/ laugh/la:f/ glass/gla:s/ half/ha:f/ farm/fa:m/ park/pa:k/ / ɔ:/ horse/hɔ: s/ saw/sɔ:/ corn/kɔ:n/ course/kɔ:s/ salt/sɔ:t/ / ɔ / dog/dɔg/ pot/pɔt/ cost/kɔst/ what/wɔt/ honest/′ɔnist/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ moon/mu:n/ rule/ru:l/ loose/lu:s/ noon/nu:n/ /u/ book/buk/ put/put/ good/gud/ would/wud/ could/kud/ / ʌ / must/mʌst/ does/dʌz/ money/′mʌni/ ugly/′ʌgli/ come/kʌm/ /ə:/ nurse/nə:s/ bird/bə:d/ burn/bə:n/ turn/tə:n/ girl/gə:l/ /ə / better/betə/ never/nevə/ worker/wə:kə/ welcome/welkəm/ /ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/eidʒ/

/əu/ no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz/ /ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/

/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′baut/ south/sauθ/ house/haus//ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin/ /iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə/ /εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/ðεə/ /uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə/ /p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/ /b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə/ /t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/ /d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə/

/k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest/ /f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit/ /v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə/

/θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸)

thought/θɔ:t/ author/´ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ/

/ð/ the/ ðə/ they/ðei/ that/ðæt/ mother/′mʌðə/ thus/ ðʌs/ then/ðen/

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/s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/ /z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔiz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/

/tʃ/ catch/kætʃ/ cheep/tʃi:p/ rich/ritʃ/ watch/wtʃ/ child/tʃaild/ question/kwestʃən/ teach/ti:tʃ/ challenge/tʃlindʒ/

/dʒ/ orange/′ɔridʒ/ large/la:dʒ/ juice/dʒu:s/ job/dʒɔb/ /tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/træk/

/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/driŋk/ hundred/′hʌndrid/ /ʃ/ she/ʃi:/ sharp/ʃa:p/ fish/fiʃ/ shock/ʃɔk/ shoe/ʃu:/ /ʒ/ pleasure/′pleʒə/ measure/′meʒə/ television/′teliviʒən/ /ts/ let′s/lets/ sports/spɔ:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/

/dz/ hands/hændz/ birds/bə:dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/stændz/ /h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/hə:d/ half/ha:f/ /l/ like/laik/ late/leit/ learn/lə:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/

/m/ my/mai/ more/mɔ:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/ /n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ /ŋ/ sing/siŋ/ wing/wiŋ/ ring/riŋ/ long/lɔŋ/ beautiful/bju:təfl/

/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/′mju:zik/ student/′stju:dnt/ excuse/ik′skju:z/ /w/ work/wə:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/wɔt/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/ /r/ red/red/ road/rəud/ write/rait/ wrong/rɔŋ/ problem/′prɔbləm/

音标综合练习 1./i:/ /i/ /e/ /æ/

/bit/ /wi:k/ /di:l/ /riəl/ /kid/ /dig/ /kwik/ /tip/ /zip/ /rid/ /wil/ /fil/ bit week deal real kid dig quick tip zip rid will fill /pet/ /pæk/ /gæp/ /kæg/ /næg/ /ræm/ /bætl/ /sed/ /′hæpi/ /ten/ /red/ pet pack gap cap nag ram battle said happy ten red /′setl/ /træʃ/ /di′pend/ settle trash depend 2./a:/ / ɔ:/ / ɔ / /u:/ /u/

/a:sk/ /ma:sk/ /pa:st/ /fra:ns/ /ɔd/ /lɔ:n/ /nɔ:t/ /pɔ:z/ /fɔks/ /sɔk/

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ask mask past France odd lawn naught pause fox sock /fa:/ /la:dʒ / /ma:k/ /lɔ:d/ /tɔ:/ /stɔ:m/ /pɔt/ /krɔp/ /θɔt/ /prɔmis/ far large mark Lord torch storm pot crop thought promise /huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ /θru:/ /pul/ /wud/ hook loose soot took mood through pull wood 3./ʌ/ /ə/ /ə/ /bʌz/ /dʌl/ /′hʌri/ /gʌlf/ /′trʌbl/ /ə:n/ /sə:f/ /′tə:nə/ /′begə/ /tʌk/ buss dull hurry gulf trouble earn surf turner begger tuck /kə:b/ /ə:k/ /ə′merik / /′sɔkə/ /′kæmpə/ /sə′vei/ /pə′veid/ /pə′hæps/ curb irk America soccer camper survey pervade perhaps /bə:′lesk/ /′mə:də/ burlesque murder 3./ei/ /əu/ /ai/ /au/ /ɔi/ /keip/ /greit/ /mein/ /prəpəuz/ /′məuʃən/ /stəun/ /′əuvə/ /sait/ kape great main propose motion stone over sight /raim/ /daut/ /′taipist/ /aust/ /mɔist/ /′ɔistə/ rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster 4./iə/ /ɛə/ /uə/ /viə/ /ə′fɛə/ /dɛə/ /skɛə/ /buən/ /guəd/ /′ruərəl/ /ə′piə/ /kəlʌmbiə/ veer affair dare scare bourn gourd rural appear Colombia /mətiəriəl/ /mistiəriəs/ material mysterious 5./θ/ /ð/ /mʌnθ/ /θi:f/ /ðæt/ /ðæn/ /feiθ/ /tə′geðə/ /θæŋk/ /ðəm′selvz/ month thief that than faith together thank themselves

The sun Tongue Twister(绕口令) (1)There are thirty-three trees there. (θ, ð)

(2)A big black bug bit the back of the big black bear. The big black bear beat back the big black bug. (/b/)

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(3)She sells seashells on the seashore,and the shells she sells are seashells. I′m sure because if she sells shells at the seashore,the shells she sells are seashells for sure. (/ θ/,/s/,/z/,/ʃ/)

(4)There is a kitten in the kitchen.In the kitchen,I fly the chicken.A fly flies into the kitchen while I′m frying the chicken.( /tʃ/)

(5)You are no need to light a night light on a light night like tonight.For a night,light′s a slight light and tonight′s a night that′s light.When a night′s light like tonight′s light,it′s really not quit right to light night lights with their slight light′s on the light night like tonight.(/n/--/l/)

(6)The sun shines on the small shop signs.(/s/--/ʃ/)

(7)Why didn′t you do that what I told you to do? (/ /--/ /) (8)The doctor′s daughter knocked at the locked door.

(9)Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.

(10)Is this pair of scissors of his sister′s? Yes,this is the pair of scissors of his sister′s . (/s/--/z/)

(11)Pete picked up a piece of paper and put it into the paper basket. (/p/)

(12)William wants to know whether the weather will be wetter tomorrow. (/w/)

英语音标学习顺口溜集锦 一、语音 ①国际音标

国际音标四十八、个个都要记清它，元音单、双二十整，辅音清、浊二十八。 元音

单元音分中、前、后，依次各有二、四、六， 双元音数也是双，正好八个不要漏。 中元音：〔〕，〔〕

单元音 前元音：〔i:〕，〔i〕，〔e〕，〔〕 后元音：〔u:〕，〔u〕，〔〕，〔〕，〔a:〕

双元音：〔ei〕，〔ai〕，〔〕，〔〕，〔〕，〔〕，〔〕，〔〕， 辅音

辅音虽多也别慌，清浊成对有十双，

剩下〔h〕〔r〕〔l〕〔j〕〔w〕，还有鼻音〔m〕〔n〕〔η〕。

清浊成对：〔p〕，〔b〕；〔t〕，〔d〕，〔k〕，〔g〕；〔f〕，〔v〕；〔θ〕，〔〕 〔s〕，〔z〕；〔∫〕〔 〕;〔ts〕，〔dz〕；〔tr〕，〔dr〕；〔t∫〕，〔dз〕 ②二十八个辅音按发音特点归类：

一舌、二半、三鼻，六爆、六破、十摩擦。 一舌：〔l〕二半：〔w〕，〔j〕 三鼻音：〔m〕，〔n〕，〔η〕

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六个爆破音：〔p〕，〔b〕；〔t〕，〔d〕；〔k〕，〔g〕

六个破擦音：〔ts〕，〔dz〕，〔tr〕，〔dr〕，〔t〕，〔d〕

十个摩擦音：〔f〕，〔v〕，〔θ〕，〔〕，〔s〕，〔z〕，〔∫〕，〔〕，〔h〕，〔r〕 ③拼读口诀：辅音轻读元音重，两音相读猛一碰。

Notes: 配视频和PPT讲解

Lecture Two

English Sentence Structures

句子成分

句子有哪些特征：

你所知道的句子成分有哪些？

为什么要学习句子成分？ 一、主语

可以担任主语的有哪些词或短语？ Six and three is nine.

The rich are getting richer and the poor are getting poorer. To improve the agricultural land needs a lot of money. Collecting stamps is a good hobby.

What he wanted to see was an end to all armies of the world. 二、谓语

谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两种。 1、简单谓语 2、复合谓语 （1）

I’m going to see a friend of my father’s tomorrow. （2）

Soon we all became interested in the subject. 三、表语

英语里，可以用作表语的有哪些呢？ 1、His brother is an engineer.

2、These sweets are mine, those are yours. 3、Are you excited about your new job?

4、Her jobs is raising pigs.（注意体会现在进行时和-ing分词作表语的区别） 5、The price sounds reasonable. 6、She is thirty but looks twenty.

7、She was up very early this morning.

8、They are of great help to learners of English.

9、I think the best thing you should do is (to) look for another job. 10、It was what they had been working so hard to find: pure radium. 四、宾语

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可以作宾语的不哪些呢？ Five plus three equals eight. He wanted to have a cup of tea.

They enjoy sharing their work experience.

We should heal the wounded and save the dying. I hear that the hotels there are very expensive. 五、宾语补足语。

可以作宾语补足语的有哪些？ I find the problem very difficult.

He tried hard to make himself understood. (翻译)

Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off. (翻译) We can see them flying along the river.

The people had considered him to be a great leader.(翻译) He made London the base for his revolutionary work.（翻译） I found John out when I called at his house.(翻译) What make you in such a hurry?

六、当含有复合宾语的句子变成被动句时，原来的宾语补足语就成了主语补足语。They will be encouraged to eat healthy food. 七、定语

哪些可以作前置定语？哪些可以作后置定语呢？ 找出下面几个例子中的后置定语。

In 13 New Zealand was the first nation to allow women to vote. I hate to see letters written in pencil.

The boy sitting at the desk is called Tom. They are talking about the coming weekend. Every night, the man upstairs came back late.

Do you get any books about the moon and the stars? We will visit the factory which makes minibus and tracks. 八、状语

状语在句子中起什么作用？ 可以用作状语的有哪些呢？ 找出下列例句中的状语：

The doctor looked over Mrs Brown very carefully. We must serve the people heart and soul.(翻译) To everyone’s surprise, Mr King refused. It is too hot to wear the coat.（翻译）

They entered the room, talking and laughing.（翻译） Einstein walked along the street, lost in thought.

Give more time, I would have done much better.(翻译)

Many of the stars cannot be seen because they are too far away. 状语按照内容可以分为哪几类？ Everyday you can have a apple. We are out picnic under some trees.

Having no money, he could not buy the TV set.

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He stopped to have a look.

The book is too difficult for him to read. I’ll come to see you if I have time.

They succeeded in spite of all difficulties. Mr Gao often goes to work by bike. This problem is difficult enough. He is always fond of talking.

He entered the room with a book under his arm.

应该提到的是，状语在句子中的位置，非常灵活，放在句首、句尾、句中都是有可能的，需要自己仔细体会。

找出下列句子中我们还没有说过的句子成分部分。

They were held in Greece - the country in which the games were born.

He was not too sure about two things- the grammar and some of the idioms. 十、什么是同位语？

可以作同位语的有哪些呢？ They’re both fine too.

These handbooks are for you five.

He had earned enough money to star his own business, offering guide services to tourists. I live in the city of Nanjing.

These coin were used for the next 2,000 years, that is, from 221 BC until 1916. 需要注意的是，同位语和他所说明的词之间，也可以插入其他成分。如：

In 1931 the Empire State Building was completed, then the tallest building in the world. We were so excited, my brother and I, that we did not get to sleep until very late.

We’ve seen several members of the family since we arrived- my grandfather and my aunt and uncle.

本节课最后，说一下成分。 下面看两个插入语的例子： 找出下面两个句子中的插入语：

She had not said, however, where it could be found. You see, the school will be expensive to run.（翻译）

PPT

Lecture Three

Vocabulary

词汇学案

时间、天气与自然灾害

【必会词汇】

时刻：dawn, deadline, instant, moment, by the time, from now on, in time, on time

时段：age, century, decade, future, interval, period, stage; contemporary, permanent, temporary,

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forever, meanwhile, for a time/ while, for the time being

频度：annual, daily, frequent, occasional, regular, monthly, weekly, yearly, occasionally, once,

seldom, twice, at a time, at times, time and time again, now and then

时序：final, former, previous, afterward(s), ago, eventually, ever, first, gradually, immediately, just,

last, late, later, next, shortly, since, soon, then

相关：介词: after, at, before, by, during, for, in, on, since, throughout, until, upon 动词: last, pass, run, take

连词: after, as, as soon as, before, hardly…when, no sooner… than, once, since, till, until,

when, whenever, while

天气： 寒冷天气：frost, ice, snow, wind, freeze, cold, freezing, snowy, windy,

温热天气：heat, warmth, clear, dry, fine, fresh, hot, mild, sunny, warm

云雨天气：cloud, downpour, rain, rainbow, shower, storm, thunder, thunderstorm,

lightning, pour, cloudy, cool, damp, rain, wet

雾：fog, mist, foggy

其他：climate, forecast, weather, changeable, terrible

自然灾害：名称：earthquake, fire, flood, hurricane, volcano, typhoon,

相关动词：blow, burn, burst, destroy, die, erupt, predict, rescue, ruin, shake, supply,

survive

其他：ash, damage, danger, death, disaster, nature, survival, victim, dangerous, muddy,

natural

天气(Weather) 相关话题

天气与人类的生活息息相关，谈论天气，是老百姓最关注的话题之一。在写作中weather涉及的主要内容有：a. Describing weather ( sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, hot, warm, cold, cool, etc.) b. Understanding weather reports (conditions, temperature, rain, snow, wind, sun, cloud) c. Dressing for the weather (coat, hat, umbrella, raincoat, windbreaker, etc.) d. Extreme weather (storms, gales, hurricanes, etc.) 1. 常见描述天气状况的词汇有：

rainfall(降雨), snowfall(降雪), storm(暴风雨), sandstorm(沙尘暴 ), temperature(气温 ), bright, clear, fine, sunny, windy, cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy(有雾的 ), cool, hot, dry, wet, warm,

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cold, chilly（寒冷的）, freezing, frost(霜冻)etc. 2. 谈论天气常用的句型：

1). Asking about the weather(询问天气情况)

a). What’s the weather like today?/How is the weather today?/How is it today?今天的天气怎么

样？

b) How do you like our weather? 你知道我们这儿的天气怎么样？ c). Is the weather always like this? 天气总是这样吗？ d). Is it always as cold as this? 天气总是这样冷吗？ e). How are the springs here? 这儿的春天怎么样？ f). Does it snow very much here in December?

g). What does the weather forecast say? 天气预报怎么说？ h). What’s the temperature today? 今天的气温是多少？ 2). Commenting on the weather(评论天气)

a). It’s fine/cloudy/windy/rainy/snowy/foggy… 天气晴/阴/有风/有雨/有雪/有雾…… b). It’s getting cold/warm/hot/cool/dry/wet, etc. 天气正变冷/暖和/热/凉爽/干燥/潮湿 c). It’s quite cool here in August.

d). I hope it stays fine.

e). A lovely day, isn’t it?/What a beautiful day!/What beautiful weather! f). It is boiling today. 今天天热的要命。 3．常用文体：

涉及谈论天气常用的文体有：日记，游记，报道，介绍性说明文, 抒情短文， 诗歌等，常用时态：一般现在时，完成时，一般将来时， 将来进行时，一般过去时和过去完成时。

自然（Nature）有关话题

此话题所涉及有关自然的知识，主题就是珍爱自然。其具体内容： a. Plants (green plants, trees, bushes, grass, vegetables, crops, flowers, etc.) b. Animals (farm animals, wild animals, endangered animals, pets, etc.) c. The sun, the moon and the stars d. Describing land (cities, farms, hill, mountains, lakes, rivers, etc.) e. Volcano

写一篇报道地震的短新闻，应包括以下主要内容：

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时间：2011年1月3日10：04 am 地点：伽师—巴楚

基本情况：强度6.8级，房屋倒塌，103所学校和16个卫生院受到破坏，水电供应中断，死亡268人，伤者2058人，许多人失去了家园，国家很快调拨救灾物资，帮助灾民，重建家园。（词数100左右）

Earthquake in Xinjiang

It is reported by CCTY that a strong earthquake of magnitude 6.8 shook Jiashi—Bachu at 10:04 am on the early morning of Jan 10th , 2011. It is said to be China’s strongest earthquake in these years and has caused great damage. 103 schools and 16 hospitals have been destroyed. The electricity and water supply has been cut off. The death number has reached as much as 268, while 2058 persons have been wounded. Many people have become homeless. Immediately after the earthquake, the government allotted goods to help the people in the disaster area.

【巩固练习】

一、以下句子是描述的什么自然灾害？请将其名称写在句子前的横线上。

1. _______________ The lava flow destroyed three villages.

2. _______________ The floor was just bouncing and rolling like waves.

3. _______________ People had boarded up (用木板封住) shops and houses during the day

before and stayed indoors.

4. _______________ People had to stay in the upper floors and sometimes on the roofs of

their homes.

5. _______________ 373,000 acres of forests had been burned and at least 390 homes had been destroyed.

Reading to Learn the Vocabulary of NMET

1. Fall in Love with English 爱上英语

Hiding behind the loose dusty curtain, a teenager packed up his overcoat into the suitcase. He planned to leave home at dusk though there was thunder and lightning outdoors. He had got to do this because he was tired of his parents’ nagging about his English study and did not want to go through it any longer. He couldn’t get along well with English and disliked joining in English classes because he thought his teacher ignored him on purpose. As a result, his score in each exam never added up to over 60.

His partner was concerned about him very much. She understood exactly what he was suffering from, but entirely disagreed with his idea. In order to calm him down and settle his problem, she talked with him

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face to face and swapped a series of learning tips with him. The items she set down helped him find the highway to studying English well.

The teenager was grateful and got great power from his friend’s words. Now, he has recovered from being upset and has fallen in love with English.

有个少年躲在积满灰尘的松散窗帘后把大衣装入手提箱。尽管外面正打雷闪电， 他仍计划在黄昏时分离家出走。他不得不这样做是因为厌倦了父母对他英语学习的唠叨，不想再忍受下去了。他的英语学习总是无法取得进展，而且不喜欢参加英语课的学习，因为他以为老师有意忽视他。结果，他每次考试的分数合计从未超过60。

他的搭档很关心他，也确切地理解他遭受的折磨，但却完全不同意他的想法。为了使他冷静下来好好解决问题，她和他面对面地交谈，并交换了一系列的学习心得技巧。她写下来的条款帮助他找到了学好英语的最佳捷径。

这个少年非常很感激，并从朋友的话里获得极大的动力。现在，他已经从沮丧中恢复过来，真正爱上了英语。

2. Different Countries Have Different Kinds of Englishes 不同的国家有不同的英语 Voyages of people from England play an important part in spreading the English language. At present, English is frequently spoken as an official or common language in many countries, such as America, Singapore, Malaysia and some African countries. All based on British English, the English spoken in these countries can be well understood by native English speakers. But actually, these Englishes have been gradually changing in accents, spellings, expressions and the usage of vocabulary.

Because of this fact, you can make use of the differences to tell which country the foreigners of your block are from. For example, if a boss fluently commands his driver, ―Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs‖, instead of requesting, ―Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis‖, you can recognize his American identity, while the latter suggests that he is British.

英国人的航海在英语的传播中扮演了重要的角色。目前，英语在许多国家被作为官方语言或通用语言频繁地使用，例如美国、新加波、马来西亚和一些非洲的国家。这些国家的英语都以英式英语为基础，能很好地为以英语为本族语的人所理解。但是实际上，这些英语在口音、拼写、表达和词汇的使用方面都在逐渐变化。

因为这一情况的存在，你就可以利用这些英语之间的区别说出你们街区的外国人是哪个国家来的了。例如，如果有个老板流利地命令他的司机：―Come up straight to my apartment by elevator and take some gas for my trucks and cabs（直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车的汽油）‖，而不是要求说，―Please come to my flat by lift and take some petrol for my lorries and taxis（请直接搭电梯到我公寓上来拿卡车和出租车的汽油）‖，你就可以轻易地辨认出他的美国人身份，而后者却暗示着那是一位英国人。（请注意：听力录音里第二段两个―电梯‖的单词跟原文不一致，原文是对的，录音弄错了，elevator才是美式说法而lift是英式说法。)

3.A Hard Trip 一次辛苦的旅行 My sister was fond of traveling. Ever since graduating, she had been determined to organize a trip to an old temple. Since transporting fare was expensive, she decided to use a bicycle to cycle there not caring about the disadvantages. Her stubborn attitude was

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always her shortcoming. Once she made up her mind to do something, no one could persuade her to change her mind. Finally, we gave in as usual though we preferred to take a train. After we prepared everything, including the schedule, reliable weather forecast and the insurance, we began our trip. Our journey was along a river flowing from a high altitude. Our pace was slow because the river frequently had many sharp bends through deep valleys, where the water seemed to boil. Just as I recorded in my journal, it was really a hard journey. But we also enjoyed great views. One night, I put my head on my pillow--a parcel of wool coats, and lay beneath the stars. When the flame in front of our cave went out at midnight, I found the sky so beautiful!

我的妹妹很喜欢旅行。自从毕业以来，她就下定决心要组织一次往一座古庙的旅行。因为交通费用昂贵，她决定骑自行车去，毫不担心其中的不利情况。顽固的态度一直都是她的缺点，一旦她下定决心要做的事，就没有人能说服她改变主意。最后，我们像往常一样让步，尽管我们更喜欢乘火车去。我们准备好了所有东西，包括时间表、可靠的天气预报，还有保险，就开始了旅程。

我们的旅程沿着一条从高海拔处流下来的河流前行。但我们的步伐很慢，因为当流经深深的峡谷时，这条河流急转弯很多，急湍的河水都似乎沸腾起来。正如我在旅行日志里记录的那样，这真是一次艰苦的旅行。但是我们也欣赏到了美丽的景色。一天晚上，我把头枕在一包羊毛衣服做的枕头上，躺在星空下，当岩洞前的火焰在午夜熄灭时，我发现夜空是如此的美丽！

4.A Horrible Earthquake 可怕的地震

Dirty water rose in wells and canals before the earthquake. But no one judged that an earthquake was coming. Suddenly, everything shook. It seemed as if the world was at an end. Millions of brick houses and a number of dams were destroyed. Railway tracks became useless bars. Pipes in mines burst and let out smelly steam. Huge cracks trapped cyclists everywhere.

The next day, this event was the headline or main title of all newspapers. With the reporters giving an outline of the disaster, the whole nation was shocked by the damage and the victim’s extreme suffering. People were moved when they read that the survivors comforted each other by saying ―Congratulations! You survived!‖. So they not only expressed their sympathy sincerely, but also organized together to help the victims right away. The injured were rescued and the dead were buried. The frightened survivors were dug out from under the ruins and were offered shelter, fresh water and electricity. Thanks to people’s help, the loss was minimized.

地震前，水井和运河里的污水都涨涌起来。但是却没人判断出地震即将来临。霎那间，一切都在摇晃，似乎整个世界就要结束。数以百万的砖房和许多水坝遭到破坏；铁路轨道都变成无用的铁条；煤矿管道纷纷爆裂，发出有臭味的蒸汽；到处都有骑车的人被巨大的裂缝陷住。

第二天，所有报纸都纷纷以大字标题或主要标题报道了这一事件。记者们描述了灾难的大概情况，全国都被地震的破坏和灾民们极度的苦难所震惊。当人们读到幸存者以―恭喜啊，你还活着。‖来互相安慰时，都被感动了。人们不仅衷心地表达了他们的同情，而且还立刻组织起来帮助灾民。伤员被救助了，死者被埋葬了，吓坏的幸存者被从废墟中挖出来了，栖身处、净水和电力也很快得到提供。多亏了人们的帮助，灾区的损失被减到了最小。 5.The Great President 伟大的总统

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As the founder of the republic, the president had many good qualities. Before coming to power, he was a generous lawyer. He was willing to selflessly help everyone who turned to him. He accepted no fee to offer legal guidance and opinions to those who were out of work or uneducated. Later, believing all mankind to be equal, he devoted himself to stopping the unfair anti-black laws. He set up the Black Youth League and was voted to be the leader. However, though he kept peaceful principles without violence and terror, his mean enemies still blew up his house and attacked his relatives, and he himself couldn’t escape being sentenced to 30 years in prison.

Not fearing of the prison guards’ cruelty, he kept active and begged no mercy from them. As a matter of fact, he was always hopeful and never lost heart during the stage even though he was in trouble.

Finally, people rewarded him with the leader’s position and a gold blanket.

作为共和国的创始人，这位总统具备许多的优秀品质。还在掌权之前，他就是一位慷慨的律师。他愿意无私地帮助那些向他求助的人。他免费为失业的，或没有受过教育的人提供法律指导和意见。后来，因为相信所有人类都是生来平等，他全身心投入到废除不平等的反黑人法律工作中。他建立了黑人青年团并被选为领袖。然而，尽管他坚持没有暴力、没有恐怖的和平原则，卑鄙的敌人还是炸毁了他的家、袭击了他的亲属，他自己也无法逃脱被判30年徒刑的遭遇。

在狱中，他毫不畏惧狱警的残酷，始终保持积极的态度，不向他们乞求怜悯。实际上，他在任何一个困境时期都充满着希望，从未灰心。

最后，人们以领袖的职位和一块金毯子回报了他的贡献。 6.A Brave Maid 勇敢的女仆

A wooden vase from the Ming Dynasty at the entrance of the reception hall amazed everyone. The artists designed it in a rare style and selected valuable jewels to decorate it. People thought highly of its fancy colour of honey and the beautiful paintings on it.

The vase used to belong to a former castle. But when the country was at war, the enemy troops exploded the castle. Debates on how the vase survived went on and on. In order to remove people’s doubt, a team of no less than 20 people carried out an informal investigation. The evidences they found showed that a maid took the vase apart and asked a sailor to sink it in a local well. She never gave away the secret even under the cruel trial of the enemies who were in search of treasures. It is worth giving this brave maid a fortune in return.

接待大厅入口处的明朝木制花瓶 使每个人都惊奇不已。艺术家以一种罕有的风格设计它，并挑选了贵重的珠宝装饰它。人们高度赞赏它那蜂蜜般的奇特颜色，还有上面绘制的绘画。

这个花瓶曾经属于一座从前的城堡，但在战争期间，敌人的炸毁了城堡，于是关于这个花瓶是如何幸存下来的争论就一直在持续着。为了解开人们的疑问，一个由不少于20人的调查队开展了一次非正式的调查。他们找到的证据表明，有个女仆 把花瓶拆开，然后让一名水手把它沉到当地的一个水井里。她从来没有泄露这个秘密，即使是在搜寻财宝的敌人残酷的审讯下。

这位女仆真是值得给予一大笔钱作为对她的回报。 7.A Fair Competition 公平的比赛 Swifter, Higher and Stronger stands for the spirit of the Olympics. But fairness is the basis of this motto. Only when you win fairly will you and your homeland deserve the great

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glory. But nowadays, unlike the ancient honest slave competitors, some hopeless athletes who can’t bear the pain of training cheat when taking part in games. Medals seem to have magical power causing them to cheat, and the prize money has replaced the motto as their only goal. So, in the gymnastics event to be held in our city next month, one of the host’s responsibilities is to keep competitions fair. They advertised on posters outside the stadium to promise that every competitor is to have a regular physical examination in a gymnasium one after another. No one can bargain on this. The volunteers in charge will be very strict. It is foolish to cheat because they will not be admitted to compete and will even be fined as well.

―更快！更高！更强！‖代表着奥运精神。但是公平却是这一格言的基础。只有当你公平地赢得比赛，你和你的祖国才会承受这样的光荣。但如今，不像古代那些诚实的奴隶参赛者，有些没有希望的运动员无法承受训练的痛苦，于是在参加比赛时作假。奖牌似乎有某种魔力使他们作假，奖金也已经代替了奥运格言成为了他们唯一的目标。

因此，在我们市下个月即将举行的一场体操赛事中，主办方的其中一项责任就是要确保比赛的公平。他们在体育场外的海报上做广告，承诺说每个参赛者都将在体育馆一个一个地参加常规的身体检查。对此没有人可以讨价还价。负责此事的志愿者将非常严格。作假是很愚蠢的，因为他们将不被允许去竞赛，甚至还将被罚款。 8.Computers 电脑 The goal of early calculating machines was to simplify difficult sums. But with the help of new technology, electronic chips replaced tubes and a revolution of artificial intelligence has arisen. From then on, the appearance of computers totally changed our lives. They can not only download information from the wet when connected by the network or mobile phone signals, but also solve different types of logical problems. With operators as their coaches, they can even control rockets to explore the moon and instruct androids with the human race’s characters to mop floors and watch over your naughty niece. Anyhow, computers are so helpful that they do bring happiness. However, computers are easily attacked by viruses. This reality has become a hard-to-deal with-problem. As a result, computers are dangerous in a way. So, personally, I worry about their universal applications in some fields, such as finance.

早期计算机器的目的是简化比较难的计算。但是在新技术的帮助下，电子芯片代替了电子管，一场人工智能由此掀起。从那时起，电脑的出现完全改变了我们的生活，它们不仅能在网络或移动电话信号的连接下从网上下载信息，而且可以解决各种类型的逻辑问题。在操作员的教练下，它们甚至还可以控制火箭探索月球，指导具有人类性格的机器人擦洗地板和照顾你调皮的侄女。不管怎么说，电脑都是如此的有用，以致的确给人们带来了快乐。 然而，电脑很容易受到病毒的攻击，这一现实已经成为一个难以处理的难题，结果，电脑在某种程度上是很危险的。因此，就个人而言，我很担心电脑在某些领域，例如金融方面的广泛应用。

9. Wildlife Protection 保护野生动植物 Dinosaurs died out because of an unexpected incident. But wildlife today disappears or is in danger just because humans do harm to it. For example, tigers are hunted for fur to make carpets so that they can only live in secure reserves; grassland is destroyed without mercy so that dust storms come into being affecting distant cities. Last year, scientists saw some monkeys rubbing themselves with a certain kind of

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insects to protect themselves from fierce mosquitoes biting. According to the result of the inspection, they found that the insect contains a powerful drug, so local farmers were employed to catch the insects. The ending was that the insects disappeared from the whole zone. When told that it was a loss to humans, the farmers burst into laughter and responded, ―Our real loss is our decreasing income.‖ We should appreciate the natural balance and pay more attention to the importance of wildlife protection. Not until we succeed in letting wildlife live in peace, can we smile in relief. 恐龙因一次意外事件而灭绝，但是今天的野生动植物却是因为人类的伤害而消失或处在危险中。例如，老虎被猎杀以获取做地毯的皮毛，以致它们只能生活在安全的保护区里；草地被毫不怜悯地破坏，以致沙尘暴开始影响遥远的城市。 去年，科学家观察到猴子在身上擦某种昆虫来保护自己不受凶猛的蚊子的叮咬。根据检查的结果，他们发现这种昆虫含有一种具有强大效力的药物，于是，当地的农民都被雇来抓虫子。结果是，这种昆虫从这整个地区都消失了。当被告知说这是整个人类的损失时，农民们都突然大笑着回应道：―我们减少的收入才是我们真正的损失呢！‖ 我们应该意识到自然平衡的重要，更加注意野生动植物的保护。直到我们成功让野生动植物安详平静地生活，我们自己才能如释重负地笑开颜。 10.My First Band 我的第一支乐队 I was very sensitive to music. Just dipping into the music books briefly, I could sing or play well. To be honest, I always dreamt of becoming a famous folk actor. I was so confident that I never decreased my devotion. I formed my first band called ―Rolling Frog‖. At the beginning, we relied on performing on instruments in pubs or to passers –by to earn extra money in cash. Then we wore false beards to pretend to be the musicians whom people were familiar with. In addition, we attached humorous acts to our performances and played jokes on each other. Soon, our ―funny jazz‖ became famous and invitations to perform for broadcast stations began to come. Afterwards, we sorted out attractive music and made a record in a studio. A million or so copies were sold and we became millionaires. It was painful that the band broke up finally. But above all, I realized my dream to be a musician.

我对音乐很敏感，只要简要地浏览一下乐谱，我就能演唱或演奏得很好。说实话，我一直都梦想着能成为出名的民间演员，自信的我从未减少过热爱。 我组成的第一支乐队叫做―摇滚蛙‖。开始，我们依靠在酒吧里或向路人表演乐器来挣些零花的现金。然后我们带上假胡子假扮人们熟悉的音乐家，除此之外，我们在表演中加上幽默的动作，互相开着玩笑。很快，我们的―滑稽爵士乐‖出了名，到广播电台表演的邀请开始多起来。随后，我们把我们吸引人的音乐做了分类，在一间音乐工作室录制了1张唱片，大约卖出了100万张，这使我们都成了百万富翁。 乐队最终的解散让我很心痛，但最重要的是，我实现了自己当音乐家的梦想。

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